Purpose of Capacitors:
Help motors start and run, similar to a car battery.
Essential in various systems, from small circuit boards to large HVAC motors.
Functionality:
Store charge and release energy at motor startup to overcome initial torque.
Essential for all motors, including compressors, and must be replaced when they fail.
Types of Capacitors:
Start Capacitors: Engage only at motor startup for initial torque.
Run Capacitors: Assist with motor startup and remain engaged to keep the motor running.
Configurations:
Single Capacitors: Run one device.
Dual Capacitors: Run both a compressor and a motor from the same device.
Ratings and Selection:
Microfarad (µF) Rating: Indicates energy storage; higher torque requires higher µF.
Voltage Rating: Typically 370V or 440V; higher voltage capacitors can replace lower voltage ones but not vice versa.
Capacitor should be rated within 5% of the motor's µF rating to avoid overheating and failure.
Signs of Failure:
Physical bloating or expansion.
Can be measured with a multimeter to check for impending failure.
Ambient heat and aging can also cause capacitor failure.
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