Trade Math

Introduction to Fractions

In trades like plumbing and HVAC, math skills, especially fractions, are essential for measuring and calculating quantities. This lesson explains how fractions represent parts of a whole and demonstrates how to read and apply fractions in the field. For example, ½, ¼, ⅛, and 1/16 are common measurements found on tools like tape measures and rulers. Understanding fractions helps technicians handle real-world measurements that often aren't whole numbers.

Converting Fractions and Decimals

This section covers how to convert fractions to decimals and vice versa. For example, 0.125 converts to ⅛. When converting a fraction like 7/12 to a decimal, you divide the numerator by the denominator. This lesson also teaches how to handle decimal-to-inch conversions and round as necessary, enhancing accuracy in practical applications.

Units of Measurement

Measurements for length, weight, pressure, and temperature are essential in trades. Length (in feet, inches, and metric units), weight (pounds, ounces, grams, and kilograms), pressure (pounds per square inch, kilopascals), and temperature (Fahrenheit, Celsius) are frequently used. This knowledge supports tasks like pipe installation and system troubleshooting.

Ratios and Proportions

Ratios and proportions are used to interpret drawings, estimate material quantities, and evaluate equipment performance. For instance, a concrete mix may require a 10:2 ratio of sand to cement, meaning 10 parts of sand per 2 parts of cement. Ratios and proportions also apply to moving parts, such as determining the correct gear rotation rates in machinery.

Percentage Conversion

Percentages assist with calculating equipment efficiency, mixture proportions, and tolerances. For example, to convert ¼ to 25%, divide 1 by 4 and multiply by 100. Technicians often convert between percentages, fractions, and decimals to ensure precise measurements and adjustments, such as assessing job completion or adjusting tool settings.

Perimeter, Area, and Volume Calculations

Trade professionals need to calculate perimeter, area, and volume for tasks like measuring pipes and conduits. For a square's perimeter, multiply one side by four. To calculate area, multiply length by width (e.g., a 5x3 rectangle has an area of 15). Volume calculations vary by shape but follow a similar plug-and-solve method, aiding in determining the space occupied by materials or equipment.