Introduction to Fluid Cooling Towers : 1. Cooling Tower Components

 Heat Laden Water:

  • Water from the condenser is discharged to the top of the fluid cooler.

  • It passes through spray nozzles that atomize water into finer droplets before reaching the fill material.

Fill Material:

  • Typically made of PVC or polypropylene (older cooling towers may use wood slats).

  • Slows water movement and maximizes contact between air and water to promote evaporation and efficiency.

  • Two types:

    1. Splash fill: Breaks water into smaller droplets.

    2. Film fill: Spreads water into a thin layer for enhanced evaporation.

Drift Eliminators:

  • Designed to remove water droplets from discharged air, reducing water loss.

  • Air and water droplets change direction, causing separation, and water is re-deposited into the tower.

Fans and Motors:

  • Fans must handle large air volumes with minimal vibration and resist corrosion.

  • Belt drive motors: Regularly inspect belts for wear or slippage. Adjust belt tension as needed.

  • Variable speed motors: Allow energy savings by matching the fan speed to the heat load from the condenser.

Makeup Water Assembly:

  • Freshwater line with a needle valve and float assembly maintains water levels.

  • Manually check the float to ensure proper water flow, as mineral deposits can obstruct the needle valve.

Water Treatment:

  • Use filtration technologies and chemical products to prevent toxins, biofilms, and fouling.

  • Chlorine dioxide is commonly used to disinfect and prevent microorganism growth.

  • pH levels should be between 6.5 and 7.

Cleaning and Blowdown:

  • Clean cooling towers twice a year to prevent biofilms and remove solids.

  • Blowdown removes solids from the basin, preventing clogging in the condenser tubes.

  • Blowdown should account for 5-10% of the makeup water flow rate.


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